c5fd lhNnf kl/ro

 

2= lhNnfsf] ;fdfGo kl/ro
;"b"/ klZrdfGrn If]qsf 9 lhNnf dWo] c%fd lhNnf dWo kxf*L efudf kg]{ Ps b"u{d lhNnf xf] . ;*s oftfoftsf] cfbz{ ;Ghfn ljsl;t geO{;s]sf] cj:yfdf lhNnfsf clwsfz+ uflj;x?df cfjthfjtsf] k|d"v dfWod lx+**"n ug"{g} xf] . ljutdf lhNnfsf] bf];|f] &"nf] Jofkf/Ls s]Gb| ;f+km]ju/ ;Dd xjfO{ oftfoftsf] lj:tf/ ePsf]df åGå sfndf of] /f]lsg k"u]sf] lyof] . xfn of] bf];|f] &"nf] Jofkf/Ls s]Gb| ;f+km]ju/ ;Dd cf]^fl;n k|ljlwsf] klSs ;*s lgdf{)f ePsf] % . lhNnf ;b/d"sfd d+un;]g ;Ddsf] l;hgn dfu{nfO{ xfn :t/ j[l$ ug]{ sfd eO{/x]sf] % .
2=1 P]ltxfl;s k[i&e"ld
P]ltxfl;s k[i&e"dLsf] cWoog ljgf s"g} klg :yfg tyf &f+p ljz]ifsf] jt{dfg ;w} cw"/f] x"g hfG% . k[i&e"dLsf] cWoogsf] qmddf c%fd lhNnfsf] cfkm\g} lsl;ds]f P]ltxfl;s klxrfg % . o; lhNnfsf] gfdfs/)fsf] ;Gb{edf ljleGg hg>"tLx? kfO{G%g .
k|yd, k|frLg sfndf ef/tLo d"un ;fd|fHosf] rsf]{ bdg / plTk*g ;xg g;sL Toxf+jf^ &"nf] ;+Vofdf lxGb"x? j;fO{ ;g{ afWo eP . #"Db} lx*\g] qmddf ltgLx? jt{dfg g]kfnsf] gf}v"jf -jt{dfg c%fd_ k"u] . To; j]nf gf}v"jf k|z:t dL&f] cf+k kfpg] :yfgsf] ?kdf kl/lrt lyof] . cg"sn xfjfkfgL / k|z:t dL&f] cf+k kfO{g] ePsf] sf/)f #"dGt] ef/tLox?sf] nflu j;f]jf; ug]{ pko"Qm ePsf]n] pgLx? gf}v"jfdf a:g yfn] . lxGbL efiffdf dL&f] cf+knfO{ -cR%f cfd_ eGg yflnof] . kl% cR%f cfd ck|e+; x"b} hf+bf k|z:t dL&f] cfd kfO{g] gf}v"jfnfO{ æc%fdÆ elgg yflnof] .
bf;|f], *f]^L lhNnfsf a|fDx)f vfgbfgsf uf]kfn vltj*f -e§_ elgg] j|fxd)fsf rf/ efO{ %f]/fx? lyP . pgsf rf/ %f]/fx? nNn, ljnNn, efif / k|efif lyP . k|efifsf b]jrGb|;+u k|l;$ h"DnL /fhfsL %f]/L xfd{tf d}of+;+u k|]d ljjfx eO{ s]xL jif{ pgL h"Dnf j;]kl% gf}v"jf /fHo ljtf{df kfO{ gf}v"jfdf zf;g ug{ yfn]sfn] pgLaf^ hGd]sf %f]/f /fhf x"g] / zfx kbaL ;d]t kfpg] ;+:sf/ j;L crDd ePsf]n] crDd zAb ck|e+; xÚb} æc%fdÆ sxlng nfUof] .
t];|f], c%fdL /fhfsf] dúnynf] a*\*L -aÚ(f]_ c%fd cyf{t xfn z]/f uflj;sf] sjfn]v eGg] &f+pdf lyof] . To; kl% jfGgLu(L, kÚgM sjfn]v / d+un;]gdf /fHo ;/]sf] kfO{G% . /f)ffsfnLg cj:yfdf c%fd /fHo *f]^L /fHodf ufleg uO{ vfBfGg cfkútL{sf] s]Gb|sf] ?kdf /xØf] . c%fd]nL hgtfnfO{ *f]^L;Dd vfBfGg (ÚjfgL ug{ afWo u/fP / kl% c%fdsf] s}nfzvf]nf klZrdsf] eúefu *f]^L / kúj{sf] eú efu b}n]v lhNnfdf uflePsf] kf{OG% . lj=;= 2014÷015 ;fnlt/ oxf+sf hgtfx?$f/f tfTsflng /fhf >L 5 dx]Gb| ;dIf %Ú§} lhNnf #f]if)ff ul/of]; egL ljlGtkq r(fP jdf]lhd /fhfaf^ dfn aÚl´lbgÚ eGg] xÚsÚd eof] . tTkZrft 2018 ;fn a}zfv 1 ut] c%fd g]kfn clw/fHosf] dfglrqdf %Ú§} lhNnfsf] ?kdf cl:tTjdf cfPsf] kfO{G% .

gS;f 1M g]kfnsf] dfglrqdf c%fd lhNnf

2=1=1 ef}uf]lns l:ylt
of] lhNnfsf] ef}uf]lns jgfj^ x]bf{ oxf+ gbL lsgf/sf j]+;L, kmf+^x? b]lv pRr kxf*L n]sx? ;Dd /x]sf %g . oxf+sf] ;Dk")f{ w/fnnnfO{ kxf*L e"efusf] ?kdf kl/eflift ug{ ;lsG% . ;f+km]ju/, j}hgfy, k|efnL uf*, rfO{/jf, sÚHh]*f cflb gbL tyf gbL lsgf/L efux? k|z:t cGg pTkfbgsf If]qx? x"g eg]] /fdf/f]zg, vTk*, Clifbx, iff]*zfb]jL, zfGt*f, &"nf;]g, u}/L^f+* / sdnjhf/ cfbL pRr kxf*L e]]ux? x"g . o; lhNnfsf] l;dfgf / ef}uf]lns cjl:ylt x]bf{ 280 46" pQ/L cIff+z b]vL 290 23" pQ/;Dd / 810 32" kújL{ b]zfGt/ b]vL 810 3%" kúj{;Dd s"n 1692 ju{ lsnf]ld^/ If]qdf of] lhNnf lj:tf/ ePsf] % . k"j{df sfnLsf]^ / b}n]v, klZrddf *f]^L, pQ/df afhÚ/f / j´fé To:t} blIf)fdf ;Úv]{t lhNnf /x]sf] % . ;dÚGb|L ;xtb]vL Goúgtd 540 d^/sf] prfO b]lv clwstd 3820 ld^/ ;Ddsf] prfO{df of] lhNnfsf] lj:tf/ ePsf] % . lhNnf ;b/d"sfd d+un;]g ;dÚGb|L ;xtb]vL 1326 ld^/ prfO{df /x]sf] % .
2=1=2 ef}uf]lns ljefhg
c%fd lhNnf k")f{?kdf dWodxfef/tLo kj{t If]qdf kg]{ x"+bf oxf+sf] ;Dk")f{ w/ftndf kj{lto ljz]iftf emNsG% . e" w/ftlno (Landscape) cfwf/df c%fd lhNnfnfO{ 3 efudf ljefhg ug{ ;lsG%,
s_ j]zL If]q M lhNnfsf k|d"v gbL / gbL lsgf/df kg]{ If]qx? o; cGtu{t kb{%g . lhNnfsf k|d"v gbL lsgf/ If]qx? s[lif pTkfbgsf nfuL k|lz$ dflgG%g . lhNnfsf] k|d"v Jofkf/Ls If]q ;f+km]ju/ o;] If]qdf kb{% . o;sf cnfjf j}hgfy, ss^;fg, ;"ufnL tyf nf]*ofju/h:tf If]qx? o; k|b]zdf kb{%g .
v_ dWo kxf*L n]s If]q M ;d"b| ;txjf^ 1220 ld^/ b]lv 3134 ld^/ ;Ddsf] kxf*L e"efu o; cGtu{t kb{%g . lhNnfsf] b"O{ ltxfO{ efu o; If]q cGtu{t kb{%g . lhNnfsf] ;b/d"sfd d+un;]g o;} If]qdf kb{% . cGgjfnLx?df ljz]iful/ #}of, ds}, ux"+, hf}+, sf]bf] tyf t]nxg cfbLsf] pTkfbg x"g] ePtfklg of] If]q ljz]if u/L cldnf] hftsf kmnkm"nx? h:t} ;"Gtnf, df};d tyf sfultsfnfuL k|lz$ dflgG% .

u_ pQ/L le/fnf] n]s If]q M ;d"lb| ;txjf^ 3134 ld^/ eGbf dfyLsf] If]q o; If]qdf kb{% . of] If]qdf vKt*, /fdf/f]zg, Clifbx, cfbL h:tf k|lz$ If]qx? o; k|b]zdf kb{%g . oxf+ lx+pb C[t"df k|fo lxdkft x"g], b"n{e jGohGt" / hl*j"^L tyf vlgh kbfy{sf] b[li^sf])fn] of] If]qnfO{ dxTjk")f{ dflgG% . o; If]qdf cGgjfnL ljz]iful/ ds}, hf}+, pjf, t/sf/L, cfn"/ kmnkm"nx?df cf]v/ v]ltsf] k|r"/ ;+efjgf b]lvG% .
2=1=3 w/ftlno (fnsf] cj:yf (Land Slope and Land Surface)
g]kfn clw/fHosf] clt ljs^ kxf*L lhNnf c%fdsf] s"n e"efu dWo 50=87 k|ltzt e"efu 300 eGbf j(L le/fnf] /x]sf] % (ICIMOD, 1997) . ljs^ w/ftlno cj:yfsf] sf/)f oxf+sf ;j} ultljlwx?df sl&g hghLjgsf kIfx? :ki^ b]lfG%g . tyfkL, w/ftlno (fnsf] sf/)fn] hldgsf] pkof]udf sltko pkof]uLtfx? k|fKt ePsf] kfO{G%g . oxf+sf] w/ftlno (fnsf] cj:yfnfO{ tflnsf g+= 2=1 df b]vfO{Psf] % .
tflnsf 2=1 M w/ftlno (fnsf] cj:yf

qm=;	(fnsf] cj:yf	If]qkmn -ju{ ls=ld=_	k|ltzt
1=	0 b]lv 6l*u|L	33=66	1=99
2=	6 b]lv 10 l*u|L	763=89	45=19
3=	30 b]lv 40 l*u|L	837=11	51=30
4=	40 l*u|L eGbf dfyL	25=72	1=52
	hDdf	1690=38	100

;|f]tM lhNnf s[lif ljsf; sfof{no, 2065

sl&g w/ftlno cj:yf ljBdfg x"+bfx"+b}klg, o:tf] w/ftnnfO{ s[lif;+u ;DjlGwt ultljlwx?df pkof]u ug]{ k|ofKt ;+efjgfx? /x]sf %g, h:sf] ljj/)f tflnsf g+= 2=2 df b]vfO{Psf] % .
tflnsf 2=2 M hldgsf] pkof]uLtfsf] cj:yf

qm=;= hldgsf] pkof]uLtf If]qkmn
-ju{ ls=ld=_ k|ltzt
1= klxnf] ju{M 1 l*u|L eGbf sd le/fnf] ulx/f] df^f], s[lif tyf jgsf nfuL prLt 8=44 0=49
2= bf;|f]] ju{M 1 b]lv 5 l*u|L le/fnf] ulx/f] / /fd|f] lgsf; ePsf] df^f], ux«f jgfO{ s[lifsf nfuL plrt 13=91 0=82
3= t];|f]] ju{M 5 b]lv 30 l*u|L le/fnf] ulx/f] / /fd|f] lgsf; ePsf] df^f], s[lifsf nfuL ux«f jgfpg kg]{ 762=88 45=22
4= rf}yf] ju{M 30 l*u|L eGbf sd le/fnf] ulx/f]] df^f] jgfpgsf nfuL plrt 896=47 52=94
5= kf+rf} ju{M w]/}h;f] jf(Ln] (fSg] gbL lsgf/fsf ux«f gbL, vf]nfgfnfx?n] cf]u^]sf] If]q 9=47 0=53

;|f]tM lhNnf s[lif ljsf; sfof{no, 2065
2=1=4 df^f]
;dfh ljsf; qmddf o;sf] cfly{s tyf ;f+:s[lts kIfnfO{ phfu/ ug{ df^f]n] dxfg\ e"ldsf v]ns]f % . To;df klg g]kfn / c%fd lhNnf hxf+sf] ax";+Vos hgef/ s[lif k]zfdf cfl>t % . oxfF df^f] ;j{bf k"Ho / pNn]Vo % . tyfkL, oxf+ df^f]sf] af/]df s"g} &f]; ?kdf ;"Id ?kdf ;+efJotf cWoog ePsf] %}g . ;du| b]zsf] gd"gf cWoogsf cfwf/df o; lhNnfsf] df^f]sf] k|sf/ / pj{/tfsf] af/]df lgDgfg";f/ kfOG% .
s_ kf+uf] df^f] M oxf+sf gbLa];Lx?df kfFuf] df^f]sf] k|r"/tf % . hx+F kof{Kt cGg pTkfbg / t/sf/L afnLsf] ;+efJfgf % . gbLx?n] aufO{ NofPsf] ;*]sf] kftkté/ / cGo sDkf]i^hGo kbfy{nfO{ %]p%fpsf t^jlt{ efudf lgIf]k ub}{ hf+bf oL efux? cTolws pAhfpof]Uo /x]sf %g\ . tyfkL, jt{dfg ;dodf /f;folgs dnsf] Jofks k|of]usf] sf/)f oxf+sf] df^f]df cDnLotf j[l$ eO{ pTkfbg x|f;sf] l:ytL b]vfk/]sf] % . nuftf/ e"Ifo tyf jg ljgf;sf sf/)f gbLx?n] r"g ("uf+, anf}^] / u]u|ofgo"Qm kbfy{x? lg/Gt/?kdf lgIf]k ubf{ kf+uf] df^f]sf] u")f:t/df lj:tf/} x|f; cfO/x]sf] % .
v_ anf}^] df^f] M of] df^f] afn"jf, s+s*, ^\ofkL / (+"uff ld>Lt df^f] xf] . of] pAhfpsf] b[li^s]f)fn] lgDgsf]^Lsf] dflgG% . ljz]ifu/L lhNnfsf] blIf)f kxf*L efux?df of] df^f]sf] afx"Notf % . ck]Iffs[t sd dfqfdf dfq bnxg / ds} afnLsf] dfq oxf+ pTkfbg x"G% . oxf+ l;+rfOsf] ;d]t cefj /x]sf] % .
u_ lxdfnL df^f] M of] df^f]sf] lgdf{)f gjLg ePsf] dflgG% . h;sf] agfj^ kftnf], bnbn] / l%b|o"Qm x"G% . lxdfnL vf]+r, pQ/L k[i&(fn / pQ/L e]usf] gbLa];Lx?df ;d]t of] df^f] kfOG% . oxf+sf] df^]fsf] agfj^df ("éf, df^f], s+s*, r"gf, kmnfd, hLjfidsf] tTj gePsf] df^]fsf] k|r"/tf x"G% . pAhfpsf] b[li^sf])fn] oxf+sf] df^f]df gbLa];Llt/ wfg, ux+", df;, ds}, dWo kxf*L efult/ ds}, bnxg / pRr efult/ cfn", hf} cflb pTkfbg x"g] ub{% . tflnsf 2=3 df o; lhNnfdf kfO{g] df^f], s[lif rng kl/jf/ / df^f]sf] /ésf] jf/]df tn pNn]v ul/Psf] % .
tflnsf 2=3 M df^f]sf] lsl;d / pkof]u
qm=;= df^f]sf] k|sf/ s[lif rng kl/jf/ hldgsf] If]qkmn -x]_ df^sf] /é s[lif rng kl/jf/ hldgsf] If]qkmn
1= jnf}^] df^f] 23102 3151.9 sfnf] 31492 6303.3
2= bf]d^ df^f] 36591 7560.8 v}/f] 32774 6348.4
3= kf+uf] df^f] 13780 1716.5 kx+nf] 4865 455.6
4= lrD^ofO{nf] df^f] 16139 1907.6 /ftf] 16285 2115.1
5= lrD^ofO{nf bf]d^] df^f] 10196 1164.8 cGo 3292 279.2
;|f]t M /fli^«o s[lif u)fgf 2058, s]=t=lj=
2=1=5 xfjfkfgL
prfOsf] j[l$ x"+b} h+Fbf xfjfkfgLdf klg leGgtf cfpg] ub{% . ;d"b| ;txaf^ 540 ld= sf] prfO{ b]lv 3820 ld= prfOnfO{ dWogh/ ubf{ o; lhNNffdf xfjfkfgLsf ;"Id tyf a[xt\ c;+Vo?kx? kfOG%g\ . kxf*L tyf pRr efux?df tfkqmd lxp+bdf ;/b/ 50 ;]= /xG%, hals vf]+r tyf ^f/x?df lx+pbdf 200 ;]= ;/b/ tfdqmd /xG% . To:t} u[idsf] cj:yfnfO{ x]bf{ kxf*L efudf 250 ;]= tyf pRr efux?df 20= ;]= / vf]+Rf tyf ^f/x?df 300 ;]= ;/b/ tfdqmd /xG% . To:t} of] lhNnf dxfef/t kj{tsf] ;"o{d"vL (fndf kg]{ x"+bf jflif{s ;/b/ jiff{ 1891 ld=ld=;Dd /xG% . pQ/L efusf pRr e"efudf lxdkft ;d]t x"g] ub{% .
tflnsf 2=4 M c%fd lhNnfsf] jiff{ ;DjlGw ljj/)f
qm=;= dlxgf cf}ift jiff{ -ld=ld=_ s}lkmot
! hgj/L-kf}if÷ df3_ )=)
@ km]a"|c/L -df3÷kmfNu"0f_ !=&
# dfr{-kmfNu"0f ÷r}q _ !@@=)
$ clk|n -r}q ÷a}zfv_ !#)=&
% d]-a}zfv ÷h]7_ **=^
^ h"g -h]7 ÷ciff9_ !^#=@
& h"nfO{ -ciff9 ÷>fj0f_ $#!=&
* cu:t ->fj0f ÷efb|_ #(%=)
( ;]K6Da/ -efb| ÷cflZjg_ $&=^
!) cS6f]j/ -cflZjg ÷ sflt{s @#=)
!! gf]e]Da/ -sflt{s ÷ d+zL/_ )=)
!@ l8;]Da/ -d+zL/ ÷kf}if_ *=!
;|f]tM hnjfo" ljefu, 2064
;du|df o; lhNnfsf] xfjfkfgL cj:yfnfO{ ljZn]if)f ubf{ ljleGg pkv)*df ljefhg ul/Psf] % .
-s_ pi)f df};dL xfjfkfgLM ;d"b| ;txb]lv 1200 ld=;Ddsf] prfOdf o; k|sf/sf] xfjfkfgL kfOG% . sd prfOsf sf/)f u[idCt"df oxf+sf] tfdqmd 300 ;]= eGbf klg a(L x"g] ub{% eg] lx+pb Ct"df 15 b]lv 200 ;]= ;Dd ;/b/ tfkqmd x"G% . dg;"gL jfo"sf] k|efjn] sl/a 2000 ld=ld= ;/b/ jiff{ ePsf] kfOG% . a"(Lu+uf, s}nfzvf]nf / s)ff{nL gbL, nÚ+u|]nL uf*, k|efnL uf*, lhhf*L uf*, O{s*L uf*, sf+;fuf* cfbL gbL lsgf/L efux?df o; k|sf/sf] xfjfkfgL kfOG% . ;f+km]ju/ h:t} Go"g prfOsf efux?df of] xfjfkfgL kfOG% .
-v_ Gofgf] ;dlztf]i0f xfjfkfgL M ;d"b| ;txsf] 1200 ld=b]lv 2100 ld=;Ddsf] prfOdf lx+pb] tfkqmd %)–!)) ;]= ;Dd ;/b/ /xg] ub{5 . ;du|df oxfFsf] xfjfkfgL /d0fLo /x]sf] kfOG5 . u[iddf dg;"gL ;/b/ jiff{ 2000 ld=ld=;Dd x'G5 .
-u_ 708f lztf]i0f xfjfkfgL M ;d"b| ;txsf] 2100 b]lv 3300 ld= ;Ddsf] prfOdf of] xfjfkfgL kfOG5 . pRr w/ftnLo If]qsf] sf/0f oxfFsf] lxFpb] tfkqmd ;/b/ %) ;]= / u[idsf] ;/b/ tfkqmd !%)–@)) ;]=;DDf /xG5 . u[id Gofgf] / 5f]6f] x"G5 eg] lx+pb rfFlx k|z:t 708f / nfdf] x'G5 . dg;"gL jiff{sf] sf/0f ;/b/ jflif{s jiff{ 1500 ld=ld=;Dd x'G5 .
-3_ n]sfnL xfjfkfgL M ;d"b| ;txsf] ##)) b]lv %))) ld=;Ddsf] prfOdf of] xfjfkfgL kfOG5 . oxfF u[idsf] tfkqmd !)) ;]= eGbfklg tn /xG5 eg] lxpFbdf )) EfGbf tn tfkqmd emb{5 . u[id 5f]6f] / Gofgf] tyf lxpFb nfdf] tyf 708f /xG5 hf] k|foM h;f] s'lx/f] / t'iff/f]o"Qm x'G5 . ;/b/ jiff{ lxpFsf] ?kdf %)) ld=ld= ;Dd x'G5 eg] lxFpbdf clwsh;f] lxdkft x'G5 .
2=2 /fhg}lts tyf k|zf;lgs ljefhg
/f)ff sflng ;do tyf 2007 sf] k|hftGq kZrft lj=;+ 2014 ;fn ;Ddklg xfnsf] c%fd lhNnfsf] s}nfzvf]nf k"j{ tk{msf] e"efu b}n]v lhNnf / ;f]xL vf]nfsf] klZrd tkm{sf] e"efu *f]^L lhNnf cGtu{t /x]sf] lyof] . hghfu/)f If]q ljz]ifsf] lhDd]jf/Ln] c%fdL hgtfx?sf] k|of;sf jfjh"b 2018 ;fn j}zfv 1 ut] c%fd j]Un} lhNnfsf ?kdf pbo x"g k"Uof] . o;/L :yfkLt c%fd lhNnfdf xfn 75 uflj;, 13 O{nfsf / 2 j^f lgjf{rg If]q /x]sf %g .
gS;f 2M c%fd lhNnfsf uf+p ljsf; ;ldltx?

tflnsf 2=5 M c%fd lhNnfsf] /fhg}lts tyf k|zf;lgs ljefhg
O{nfsf l;=g+= uflj;sf] gfd ;b/d"sfd b]lvsf] b"/L O{nfsf l;=g+= uflj;sf] gfd ;b/d"sfd b]lvsf] b"/L
1 1 l;p*L 8 8 1 d+un;]g 0
2 ;f]s^ 11 2 sÚlGta)*fnL 3
3 kfon 7 3 cf]nLuf+p 2
4 j}hgfy 6 4 hgfnLa)*fnL 3
5 n"+u|f 8 5 z]/f 7
2 1 hfNkfb]jL 7 6 j:tL 8
2 lz$]Zj/ 7 9 1 hÚkÚ 3
3 dfs{Ú 8 2 lj/ky 5
4 bÚgL 11 3 sfnfuf+p 5
5 kftnsf]^ 9 4 dnftLsf]^ 7
3 1 #+Ú#++Ú/sf]^ 9 5 jfGgftf]nL 4
2 vKt* 12 10 1 ljgfos 7
3 b]jL:yfg 10 2 kÚNn]tf]nf 10
4 afAnf 11 3 tf]nL 9
5 aÚ(fsf]^ 8 4 jf/nf 12
4 1 ljGw]jfl;lg 9 5 sfnLsf:yfg 8
2 iff]*zfb]jL 11 6 nof+^L 9
3 Clifbx 15 7 sfn]sf+*f 18
4 xflQsf]^ 9 11 1 jofnf 11
5 sÚ:sf]^ 11 2 (fsÚ 7
6 &f+^L 13 3 dÚnL 10
5 1 di^fdf)*f}+ 6 4 wdfnL 12
2 gjf*fgf 6 5 sÚO{sf 6
3 l/l*sf]^ 5 6 rfNzf 8
4 rl)*sf 4 12 1 (sf/L 13
5 gGb]u*f 7 2 lxRdf 15
6 efu]Zj/ 5 3 #f]*f;]g 10
6 1 zfGt*f 9 4 jnftf 18
2 rfkmfdf)*f}+ 8 5 ("u+frfNgf 13
3 ;Útf/ 11 6 di^fa)*fnL 13
4 ef^fsfl^of 11 13 1 tÚdf{vf+b 16
5 /fdf/f]zg 11 2 /fgLjg 14
6 af^Únf;]g 10 3 tf]ifL 13
7 1 jbf{b]jL 5 4 /xkm 33
2 ltldN;]g 4 5 gf*f 16
3 ufh|f 6 6 e}/j:yfg 18
4 hgfnLsf]^ 5
5 sfnLsf 4
6 bgf{ 6
;|f]tM lhNnf ljsf; ;ldlt, 2064
c%fd lhNnfjf^ l%d]ls lhNnfx?sf ;b/d"sfd ;Ddsf] b"/L tn lbO{Psf] % .
tflnsf 2=6 M c%fd lhNnf b]lv ljleGg :yfg ;Ddsf] b"/L
qm=;= b]lv ;Dd sf]if
1= d+un;]g sfnLsf]6 @$
2= d+un;]g b]n]v $)
3= d+un;]g afh"/f #@
4= d+un;]g lbkfon #@
5= d+un;]g 8]6L l;nu9L #)
6= d+un;]g ;"v{]t %)
7= d+un;]g aemfË %)
;|f]tM lhNnf ljsf; ;ldlt, 2064
gS;f 3 M c%fd lhNnf b]lv ljleGg :yfg ;Ddsf] b"/L
2=3 ljsf;sf] ;dli^ut cj:yf
PSsfO{; cf}+ ztfAbLsf] kl%Nnf] ;dosfnb]lv ;dfhsf] ;du| ljsf;sf nflu dfgj ;+;fwgsf] ljsf; ckl/xfo{ % egL :jLsf/ ul/b}+ cfPsf] kfOG% . jf:tjdf b]zleq ljBdfg k|fs[lts ;+zfwg / b]zleqsf gful/sx?df cGt/lglxt !fg, ;Lk / bIftfnfO{ ckf/ lglwsf] ?kdf :jLsfl/Psf] kl/k|]Iodf dfgj >f]taf^ g} cGo ;+zfwgx? ultzLn x"g] jf ltgLx?sf] s";n pkof]u x"g] x"+bf dfgj ;+zfwgsf] ;d"lrt tyf ;dof]lrt kl/rfng u/L ;dfhnfO{ ljsf; kydf cu|;/ u/fpg ;lsG% . pTkfbgsf ;fwgx? e"ld, k"+hL, >d, ljt/)f / cGo;d]t t"ngfTds ?kdf nfe lng dfgj ;+zfwgsf] dxTj cTolws /x]sf] % . plrt lzIff, k|lzIf)f, :jf:Yo, kf]if)f tyf ;/;kmfO, Jojl:yt a;f]jf;, :jR% vfg]kfgL, k|ljlwd"ns s[lif Joj;fo, Jofkfl/s kz"kfng, :jR% jftfj/)f tyf ;Lkd"ns Jojzfo / :j/f]huf/, :jlRfGtg cflb h:tf cfly{s tyf ;fdflhs If]qx?sf] ;dof]lrt ljsf; tyf ;]jfdf j[l$, ;Lko"Qm / :j:y hgzlQm ljsf; u/L ltgLx?nfO{ abln+bf] kl/j]zdf ;Ifd / ;an kfg"{ dfgj ljsf; xf] . jf:tjdf oL glthfx?sf] kmn:j?k g} b]zn] bIf hgzlQmaf^ rf}tkmL{ ljsf;sf] k|ltkmn k|fKt ub{% . jt{dfg ;do;Dd cfOk"Ubf c%fd lhNnfsf] dfgjLo ljsf; ;"rsf+s 57 cf}+ :yfgdf /x]sf] oyf{yut tYosf cfwf/df oxf+sf] ljsf; b/nfO{ ;xh} sdhf]/ cj:yfdf d"Nofs+g ug{ ;lsG% . tyfkL, sdhf]/ ;fdflhs cy{ Joj:yfsf] sf/)f klg ;d:ofaf^ k%fl* x^\g"kg]{ l:ylt geO{ kl/l:ytLnfO{ cg"s"n agfpg oxf+sf] cfGtl/s >f]tsf] Jojl:yt kl/rfng ug{ cTofjZos b]lvG% . lhNnfleq ljsf;sf] ;dli^tut cj:yfnfO{ lgDgfg";f/ lrq)f ul/Ps]f % .
tflnsf 2=7 M c%fd lhNnfdf ljsf;sf] ;dli^ut cj:yf
qm=;= ljsf;sf ;"rsx? 2064 2061
c%fd ;"b"/ klZrdfGrn g]kfn
1= dfgj ljsf; ;"rsf+s 0.413 0.350 0.437 0.534
2= n}lu+s ljsf; ;"rsf+s 0.391 0.394 0.524
3= ;fdflhs ;zlQms/)f 0.293 0.347 0.406
4= cfly{s ;zlQms/)f 0.171 0.268 0.337
5= /fhg}lts ;zlQms/)f 0.452 0.582 0.646
6= dfgj ;zlQms/)f 0.305 0.399 0.463
7= s"n ;fIf/TFf -k|ltzt_ 53.18 28.5 32.6 48.6
8= k"?if ;fIf/TFf -k|ltzt_ 71.54
9= dlxnf ;fIf/TFf -k|ltzt_ 37.18
10= lz;" d[To"b/ - k|lt xhf/df_ 98.83 127.39 68.51
11= dft[ d[To"b/ - k|lt nfvdf_ 1150 983 281
12= jfn d[To"b/ - k|lt xhf/df_ 91 87 48
13= ;/;kmfO{df kx"+r ePsf] hg;+Vof k|ltzt 14.95 14.27 39.22
14= ;fdflhs kl/rfngdf ;d]^LPsf #/kl/jf/ % 50.88 30.71 28.75
15= k|lt JolQm s"n u|fx:y pTkfbg 770 1079 1310
16= /f]huf/L l:ylt ;"rsf+s 0.044 0.201 0.309
17= cf}ift cfo" -jif{_ 55.18 56.9 59.5
18= dlxnf cf}ift cfo" -jif{_ 55.4
19= k"?if cf}ift cfo" -jif{_ 55.00
20= ul/jLsf] cj:yf -k|ltzt_ 46 39 31
21= k|lt JolQm jflif{s cfo -?=_ 6125
22= :jR% vfg]kfgLsf] k|of]u -k|ltzt_ 79.93
;|f]tM o"ogl*kL, 2004
2=4 ljkGgtf :tl/s/)f cg';f/ uflj;x?sf] jlu{s/)f
c%fd lhNnfsf ;Dk")f{ uflj;x?df cfwf/e"t ;]jf tyf ;"zf;gsf] cj:yfnfO{ x]bf{ cf}ift tx /fd|f] txdf b]lvG% . Clifbx, (sf/L, b]jL:yfg, lxRdf, jnf+tf, sfn]sf+*f / ("uf+rfNgf uflj;x?df s]lx ;Gtf]ifhgs l:YtL b]lvPklg j}hgfy, efu]Zj/ tyf ;]/f h:tf uflj;x?df cBfkL o; If]qdf lgs} d]xgt ug"{kg]{ cj:yf b]lvPsf] % . cGo uflj;x?sf] cj:yf ;du|df l&s} b]lvG% . tnsf] tflnsfdf uflj; cg';f/ ljjGgtf :tl/s/)f sf] cj:yf b]vfO{Psf] % .
tflnsf 2=8 M c%fd lhNnfdf ljkGgtf :tl/s/)f cg";f/ uflj;x?sf] jlu{s/)f
uflj;sf] gfd 3 dlxgf eGbf sd vfB k|ofKttf l;dfGts[t ;d"xsf] ;+nUgtf cfwf/e"t ;]jf lg)f{o k|lqmofdf dlxnf, blnt tyf hghftLx?sf] ;+nUgtf n}lu+s c;dfgtfsf] ;"wf/ hf]lvddf k/]sf ;d"xx?sf] ;"wf/ hDdf cf}ift c+s tx
k|fylds :jf:Yo :jf:Yo ;]jf
1= 10% sd 1= 10% sd 1= clt /fd|f] 1= clt /fd|f] 1= 40 % dfyL 1= sdhf]/ 1= 5% sd
2= 10—25 % 2= 10—25 % 2= /fd|f] 2= /fd|f] 2= 26—40 % 2= l&s} 2= 5-10 %
3= 26—40 % 3= 26—40 % 3= l&s} 3= l&s} 3= 10—25 % 3= /fd|f] 3= 11-20%
4= 40 % dfyL 4= 40 % dfyL 4= sdhf]/ 4= sdhf]/ 4= 10% sd 4= clt /fd|f] 4= > 20 %
j}hgfy 1 2 2 2 3 2 2 14 2.0 2
efu]Zj/ 1 2 2 3 1 3 2 14 2.0 2
;]/f 1 2 2 2 3 2 2 14 2.0 2
gj&fgf 1 3 2 2 3 3 1 15 2.1 3
rl)*sf 2 2 2 3 3 2 1 15 2.1 3
bgf{ 2 1 3 3 2 2 2 15 2.1 3
dfi^df)*f} 1 3 2 2 3 3 1 15 2.1 3
jlnuf+p 2 3 2 2 2 2 2 15 2.1 3
xflQsf]^ 1 2 3 3 3 3 1 16 2.3 3
hgfnLsf]^ 2 2 3 3 2 3 1 16 2.3 3
rfkmfdf)*f} 2 3 2 3 2 2 2 16 2.3 3
h"k" 2 3 2 2 3 2 2 16 2.3 3
sfnfuf+p 2 3 2 2 2 2 3 16 2.3 3
d"nL 2 2 2 2 4 2 2 16 2.3 3
sflnsf:yfg 1 3 2 2 3 2 3 16 2.3 3
ufh|f 2 2 3 3 3 3 1 17 2.4 3
jonf 2 3 2 2 4 2 2 17 2.4 3
rfN;f 2 3 2 2 4 2 2 17 2.4 3
lj/ky 2 2 3 3 3 2 2 17 2.4 3
ljgfos 2 3 2 2 4 2 2 17 2.4 3
no+^L 2 3 2 3 3 2 2 17 2.4 3
dfnltsf]^ 3 2 3 3 3 2 2 18 2.6 3
ljGWojfl;gL 2 2 3 3 4 3 1 18 2.6 3
j'(fsf]^ 2 2 3 3 4 3 1 18 2.6 3
hfNkfb]jL 2 4 2 2 3 3 2 18 2.6 3
sflnsf:yfg 2 3 3 3 2 3 2 18 2.6 3
iff]*zfb]jL 2 3 2 3 3 3 2 18 2.6 3
s":sf]^ 3 2 2 3 3 3 2 18 2.6 3
n"+u|f 1 3 3 3 3 3 2 18 2.6 3
dfs'{ 2 3 3 3 3 3 1 18 2.6 3
kftfnsf]^ 2 2 3 3 3 3 2 18 2.6 3
l/*Lsf]^ 2 2 3 3 4 3 1 18 2.6 3
l;$]Zj/ 2 2 3 3 3 3 2 18 2.6 3
l;+p*L 2 2 3 4 2 3 2 18 2.6 3
ltldN;]g 2 3 3 3 3 3 1 18 2.6 3
hgfnLj)*fnL 4 2 3 2 3 2 2 18 2.6 3
dfi^j)j)*fL 3 3 2 2 4 2 2 18 2.6 3
wdfnL 1 3 2 2 4 3 3 18 2.6 3
d+un;]g 3 3 2 2 2 2 4 18 2.6 3
#f]*f;]g 3 2 2 2 4 3 2 18 2.6 3
s'O{sf 2 2 2 3 3 2 4 18 2.6 3
kfon 2 3 3 3 2 3 2 18 2.6 3
;fGt*f 3 3 3 3 3 2 2 19 2.7 3
ef/b]jL 2 2 3 3 4 3 2 19 2.7 3
gGb]u*f 3 2 2 3 4 3 2 19 2.7 3
&f+^L 2 3 2 3 3 3 3 19 2.7 3
k')otf]nf 2 4 3 3 3 2 2 19 2.7 3
tf]nL 2 3 3 3 4 2 2 19 2.7 3
jfGgftf]nL 2 3 2 3 4 3 2 19 2.7 3
;'tf/ 3 3 3 4 2 2 3 20 2.9 3
jfJnf 2 2 3 3 4 3 3 20 2.9 3
jf^'nf;]g 3 3 3 4 3 2 2 20 2.9 3
#+'#/sf]^ 3 3 3 3 3 3 2 20 2.9 3
vKt* 4 1 3 4 4 3 1 20 2.9 3
/fdf/f];g 3 2 3 4 2 2 4 20 2.9 3
;f]s* 2 3 3 4 3 3 2 20 2.9 3
s'lGtj)*fnL 2 3 4 3 3 3 2 20 2.9 3
/fgLjg 3 3 3 3 4 2 2 20 2.9 3
gf*f 3 3 2 3 3 3 3 20 2.9 3
tf]ifL 3 2 2 3 3 4 3 20 2.9 3
ef^fsf^Lof 4 1 3 4 3 2 4 21 3.0 3
b'gL 4 3 3 3 3 3 2 21 3.0 3
t'df{vf+b 3 3 3 3 4 3 2 21 3.0 3
e}/j:yfg 3 3 3 3 4 3 2 21 3.0 3
(fs' 3 2 3 3 4 3 3 21 3.0 3
/xkm 2 3 3 4 4 3 2 21 3.0 3
jl:t 3 3 3 3 4 2 3 21 3.0 3
jfnf{ 3 2 4 3 3 3 3 21 3.0 3
Clifbx 4 2 3 3 4 3 3 22 3.1 4
(sf/L 3 2 3 4 4 3 3 22 3.1 4
b]jL:yfg 4 3 3 4 4 3 2 23 3.3 4
lxRdf 3 4 4 3 4 3 2 23 3.3 4
jnf+tf 3 3 4 4 4 3 2 23 3.3 4
sfn]sf+*f 3 3 4 3 4 3 3 23 3.3 4
('+uf+rfNgf 4 4 3 3 4 3 4 25 3.6 4
gf]^M ;|f]tM lhlj; c%fd, 2063
1 = 1 b]lv 7 2 = 8 b]lv 14 3 = 15 b]lv 21 4 = 22 b]lv 28
gS;f 4 M c%fd lhNnfsf] ljkGgTFf :tl/s/)f gS;f°g

@= % wfld{s tyf ;+f:s[lts hghLjg
g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg 2065 n] g]kfn clw/fHonfO{ wd{ lg/k]If /fHosf] ?kdf kl/eflift u/]sf] % . tyfkL, ;Eotf / ;+:s[tLsf] ljzfn ju}rf g]kfn / g]kfnLdf lxGb" ;+:s[tL / ;Eotf k|lt &"nf] ljZjf; /x]sf] % . o;sf cnfjf cGo wd{ / ;+:s[tL k|lt ;d]t ;Ddfg / ;$efj hfx]/ ub{%g . ;+:s[tL / wd{sf lx;fjn] c%fd lhNnf klg lxGbÚx?sf] jfx"Notf ePsf] lhNnf xf] . o; lhNnfdf lxGbÚ wd{ ;+:s[lt;+u ;DalGwt uf}/jdo ufyf af]s]sf dxTjkú)f{ wfdL{s tyf ;f+:s[lts :ynx? /x]sf %g\ . j}hgfy If]q, jbf{b]jLsf] jflGgu(L, iff]*zfb]jL, hfNkfb]jLsf] lqkÚ/f;ÚGb/L, Clifbx uflj;sf] gbfO{, iff]*zf uflj;sf] ljNyd -ljG]bjfl;gL / u+ufofdÚgf_, vKt*, ljgfossf] k~rb]jn, hgfnLj)*fnL, %f]^L dfnLsf, jf/nfsf] ejfGyfg cflb oxf+sf k|frLg P]ltxfl;s tyf ;f+:s[lts uf}/jdo ufyf jf]s]sf k|dÚv zlQm kL&x? xÚg \. oL wfdL{{s :ynx?Dff lhNnf leq, jflx/ -ljz]if u/L s}nfnL, *f]^L, s~rgkÚ/, b}n]v / ;Úv]{t lhNnfx?_ / ef/taf^ ;d]t xhf/f}sf] ;+Vofdf >$fnÚ eQmhgx?sf] #ÚO{rf] nfUb% .
o; lhNnfdf dgfO{g] ljleGg lsl;dsf d]nfx?sf] ;DaGw oxf+sf] wfdL{s kIf;+u hf]l*Psf] kfO{G% . o; lhNnfdf dgfO{g] k|dÚv d]nfx?df lzj/fqL, tLh, s[i)ffi^dL cfbL kb{%g\ . o; jfx]s u}/L^f+*sf] d]nf, /fdf/f]zgsf] b]ptf uf*\g] -wfdL´f+qmL sfKg] d]nf_ sftL{s zÚSn kúl)f{dfsf] lbg xÚg] jbf{b]jL eujtLsf] d]nf, sÚ:sf]^df r}q 20 ut] xÚg] d]nf -r}tnf_, dfs{Údf xÚg] r}qfi^dLdf xÚg] d]nf, ljgfossf] di^fdf)*F}+ d]nf, ufh|f uflj;sf] bz}+ -*f}+*]u*f_, ltldN;]gsf] bz} -z}gu*f]_ cfbL xÚg\ . oxf+sf k|dÚv rf* kj{x?df bz} ltxf/ df#];+qmflGt, kmfuÚ kúl)f{df -xf]/L_, rf+* kj{x?sf] cj;/df klg ljleGg lsl;dsf d]nfx? dgfO{G%g\ . o;sf cnfjf, c%fd lhNnfdf dgfO{g] k|d"v rf*kj{x?df laz" -gjjif{_, dxflzj/fqL, kf]tL;/fO{, c%fdsf] xf]/L, bzx/f, ;fpg] ;+qmflGt, h]&f;] k"l)ff{df, hg}+k"l)f{df, k"tnf kj{ , r}t]bz}+, ebf}/] ;+qmflGt -efb| 1 ut]_, #fF;] ;+qmflGt - c;f]h 1 ut]_ a*fbz}+, s[i)ffi^dL, sflt{s k"l){fdf, ltxf/, k"if] k"l)f{df- e}n] cf}+;L_, ds/ ;+qmflGt, e"jf cf}+;L, a;Gt k~rdL, cfbL /x]sf %g . To:t}, c%fd lhNnfsf s]lx k|lz$ ufFpx? h:sf] gfdaf^ xfn k|rngdf /x]sf y/x? %g, o;sf] ljj/)f tn lbO{Psf] % .
tflnsf 2=9 M c%fd lhNnfsf k|lz$ uf+px? / xfn k|rngdf /x]sf y/x?
qm=;= uf+p y/ s}lkmot
1 ahufFp ahufO{ c%fd lhNnf tyf oxf+jf^ j;fO{ ;/L g]kfn el/ g} j;f]jf; ug]{ u/]sf]
2 l/df l/dfn c%fd lhNnf tyf oxf+jf^ j;fO{ ;/L g]kfn el/ g} j;f]jf; ug]{ u/]sf]
3 jf/nf a/fn c%fd lhNnf tyf oxf+jf^ j;fO{ ;/L g]kfn el/ g} j;f]jf; ug]{ u/]sf]
4 ?h l/hfn c%fd lhNnf tyf oxf+jf^ j;fO{ ;/L g]kfn el/ g} j;f]jf; ug]{ u/]sf]
5 b]jsf]^ b]jsf]^f c%fd lhNnf tyf oxf+jf^ j;fO{ ;/L g]kfn el/ g} j;f]jf; ug]{ u/]sf]
6 wdfnL wdfnf c%fd lhNnf tyf oxf+jf^ j;fO{ ;/L g]kfn el/ g} j;f]jf; ug]{ u/]sf]
7 ltdLN;}g ltdL;Lgf, ltldN;Lgf c%fd lhNnf tyf oxf+jf^ j;fO{ ;/L g]kfn el/ g} j;f]jf; ug]{ u/]sf]
8 d+un;}g d+un;}gL c%fd lhNnf tyf oxf+jf^ j;fO{ ;/L g]kfn el/ g} j;f]jf; ug]{ u/]sf]
9 hdfnuf+p hdfn c%fd lhNnf tyf oxf+jf^ j;fO{ ;/L g]kfn el/ g} j;f]jf; ug]{ u/]sf]
10 s+"Osf s"+Os]n c%fd lhNnf tyf oxf+jf^ j;fO{ ;/L g]kfn el/ g} j;f]jf; ug]{ u/]sf]
11 wf/f;}g wf/f;}gL c%fd lhNnf tyf oxf+jf^ j;fO{ ;/L g]kfn el/ g} j;f]jf; ug]{ u/]sf]
12 k"*f;}g k"*f;}gL c%fd lhNnf tyf oxf+jf^ j;fO{ ;/L g]kfn el/ g} j;f]jf; ug]{ u/]sf]
13 bgf{ bgf{nL c%fd lhNnf tyf oxf+jf^ j;fO{ ;/L g]kfn el/ g} j;f]jf; ug]{ u/]sf]
14 #f]*f;}g #f]*f;}gL c%fd lhNnf tyf oxf+jf^ j;fO{ ;/L g]kfn el/ g} j;f]jf; ug]{ u/]sf]
15 (fFs" (sfn c%fd lhNnf tyf oxf+jf^ j;fO{ ;/L g]kfn el/ g} j;f]jf; ug]{ u/]sf]
16 slGt ("u]gL ("+ufgf c%fd lhNnf tyf oxf+jf^ j;fO{ ;/L g]kfn el/ g} j;f]jf; ug]{ u/]sf]
17 ;"tf/ ;"tf/L c%fd lhNnf tyf oxf+jf^ j;fO{ ;/L g]kfn el/ g} j;f]jf; ug]{ u/]sf]
18 b|jfn b"jfn c%fd lhNnf tyf oxf+jf^ j;fO{ ;/L g]kfn el/ g} j;f]jf; ug]{ u/]sf]
19 n]vsf]^ n]vsf]^L c%fd lhNnf tyf oxf+jf^ j;fO{ ;/L g]kfn el/ g} j;f]jf; ug]{ u/]sf]
;|f]tM /fhf/fd ;"j]bL, c%fdsf] O{ltxf;
2=6 k|fs[lts ;|f]t
kxf*L eú jgf}^ tyf dgf]/d hnjfoÚ kfO{g] c%fd lhNnf k|fs[lts >f]tsf] wgL dflgG% . oxf+ pknAw k|fs[lts >f]tx?nfO{ lgDgfgÚ;f/ j)f{g ug{ ;lsG% .
2=6=1 k|fs[lts jg:ktL
k|fs[lts b[li^sf])fn] c%fd jfg:klts au}+rf (Botanical Garden) xf] . pQ/lt/sf ljzfn lxdkj{t v)*x? vKt*, /fdf/f];g b]lv blIf)fdf ;]lt / j"(Lu+ufsf] bf]efg;Ddsf] /d)fLo k|fs[lts kj{tdfnfdf lxdjt\ v)*b]lv xfn;Dd df}h"b /x]sf k|fs[lts jg:kltx?n] o; lhNnfnfO{ kof{j/)fLo tyf k|fs[lts pkrf/sf nflu ;d]t /fxt k|bfg u/]sf %g\ . oBlk of] ckf/ ;Dkbfsf] Jofkf/Ls k|of]hgsf nfuL pNn]vgLo ?kdf pkof]u x"g ;s]sf] %}g . oxf+sf] jg:kltnfO{ lgDgfg";f/ juL{s/)f ul/Psf] % .
s_ pkf]i)f ;bfjxf/ jg M o:tf] jg cTolws tfkqmd / jiff{ x"g] If]qx? ljz]if u/L kfxf*L vf]+r hxFsf] prfO{ 1200 ;Dd /xG% cflbdf kfOG% . oxf+sf ?vx? s*f sf&o"Qm x"G%g\ . k|foM jif{}e/L xl/of] eO/xg" afSnf] / u[idsf yf]/} lbg;Dd kft emg"{ oxf+sf] jgsf] ljz]iftf xf] . ;fn, vo/, a]n, lrnfpg], l;;f}, ;v"jf, hfd"g, cf+k, l;dn, s^x/, jf+;, gf:kftL, cDaf, s]/f cflb ?vx?sf hfthflt kfOG%g\ . v/ tyf nfdf] nfdf] (*\*Lo"Qm #f+;x? ;d]t o; h+undf kfOG%g .
v_ Kftem* df};dL jg M dWo dxfef/tLo kj{t v)*sf] 1200 ld= b]lv 2100 ld=;Ddsf] prfOdf of] jg:ktL kfOG% . prfO{ a(\b} hFfbf tfkqmd #^\g] x+"bf lztsfndf oxf+sf ?vsf kftx? emb{%g\ cyjf ;bfjxf/ x+"b}gg\ . o; jg k|b]zdf s]xL ldl>t hftsf jg:ktLx?sf] afx"Notf /xG% . j/, af+;, pQL;, u"/f+;, s^";, cf]v/, rf+k, knf+;, lrnfpg] lgufnf], uf]a|];Nnf, agdf/f, vf]^];Nnf], t]hkQf tyf cdnf, h"gf/, sfutL / cGo cldnf hftsf kmnkm"nx? k|r"/ dfqfdf kfOG%g\ .
u_ ;bfjxf/ sf])fwf/L jg M dxfef/t kj{tsf] pRr e"efub]lv lxdfno kj{tdf 2100 b]lv 3300 ld=;Ddsf] prfOdf of] jg:ktL kfOG% . oxf+ kfOGf] jg:ktLsf kftx? s]xL sf])f cfsf/sf x"G%g\ h;n] lgoldt x"g] lxdkftaf^ :jo+sf] /Iff ub{%g\ . k|foM ;Nnf], b]jbf/, w"kL, nf]*;Nnf] lgufnf], u"/fF;, jgdf/f, lr/fOtf], h^fd;L, af]emf]h:tf g/d hftsf jg:ktLx? oxf+ k|r"/ dfqfdf kfOG%g\ .
#_ n]sfnL t[)fe"ld M lxdfno kj{tsf] tNnf] efudf 3300 b]lv 5000 ld=;Ddsf] prfOdf of] jg:klt kfOG% . ljleGg jf:gfbf/ km"nx?sf] sf/)f oxf+ n]s nfUg] ;+efjgf k|jn /xG% .
2=6=2 gbLgfnf tyf tfn tn}of
ljZjdfglrqdf g]kfn hn>f]tsf] wgL eP´}+ g]kfnsf] dfglrqdf c%fd lhNnfklg hn>f]tsf] wgL dflgG% . gbL juL{s/)fsf] l;$fGt cg";f/ oxf+ &únf, d´f}nf tyf ;fgf:t/sf gbLx? oxf+ /x]sf%g . h;cGtu{t, oxf+ k|jfxLt x"g] gbLx?sf] s"n ;+Vof 354 j^f /x]]sf] %, oL ;j} k|jfxLt x"g] gbLx?sf] s"n nDjfO{ 7930=69 ls=ld= /x]sf] % . oL gbLx?df kof{Kt hnljB"t\sf] ;+Effjgf /x]sf] s"/f ljleGg cWoogx?af^ ;d]t k"li^ e};s]sf] % . o; lhNnfdf k|jflxt x"g] k|d"v gbLx?df j"(L u+uf, s}nfz vf]nf, kkf{nL uf(, l%k]of vf]nf, ;]tL u+uf gbL / rfO/f vf]nf cfbL /x]sf %g . oxf+ k|jflxt gbLx? / ;f]sf] cj:yfnfO{ tn pNn]v ul/Psf] % .
tflnsf 2=10M c%fd lhNnfsf dÚVo gbLgfnfx?sf] ljj/)f
qm=;+= gfd cjl:ytL lsl;d
1 s)ff{nL lhNnfsf] kújL{ / blIf)fL efu &"nf] gbL
2 ;]tL lhNnfsf] klZrdL l;dfgfsf] s]xL efu &"nf] gbL
3 aÚl(u+uf lhNnfsf] klZrdL efu xÚb} ;]tL gbLdf ldl;g] &"nf] gbL
4 s}nfz vf]nf lhNnfsf] pQ/L efu /fdf/f]zg tfnaf^ pTklQ eO{ zfGt*f, hÚkÚ, jnLuf+p d+un;]gsf] l;dfgf xÚb} aÚ(Lu+ufdf ldl;g] d´f}nf gbL
5 nÚ+u|]nL uf* nÚ+u|f, j}hgfy / hfNkfb]jLsf] ljraf^ xÚb} aÚ(Lu+ufdf ldl;g] d´f}nf gbL
6 k|efnL uf* l;$]Zj/ / hfNkfb]jLsf] ljraf^ xÚb} aÚ(Lu+ufdf ldl;g] d´f}nf gbL
7 lhhf*L uf* l;$]Zj/ / #Ú+#Ú+/sf]^ xÚb} aÚ(Lu+ufdf ldl;g] d´f}nf gbL
8 O{s*L uf* afhÚ/f / c%fdsf] afAnf uflj;sf] l;dfgf xÚb} aÚ(Lu+ufdf ldl;g] d´f}nf gbL
9 sf+;fuf* afhÚ/f / c%fdsf] Clifbx uflj;sf] l;dfgf xÚb} aÚ(Lu+ufdf ldl;g] d´f}nf gbL
10 ;/fgL uf* iff]*zfb]jL uflj;df pTklQ e} ljGw]jfl;lg, sÚ:sf]^ xÚb} aÚ(Lu+ufdf ldl;g] d´f}nf gbL
11 cfbf{]nL uf* #+Ú#+Ú/sf]^ / afAnf uflj;sf] ljraf^ ax]sf] d´f}nf gbL
12 l%k]vf]nf l/l*sf]^ / di^fdf)*F}+ uflj;sf] ljraf^ ax]sf] d´f}nf gbL
13 aNn] vf]nf af^Únf;]g / /fdf/f]zg uflj;sf] jLraF^ ax]sf] d´f}nf gbL
14 nf]*]#f^ e}/j:yfg / /fgLjg uflj;sf] ljraf^ ax]sf] d´f}nf gbL
15 sÚO{sf uf* aofnf, sÚO{sf, rfN;f / sfnLsf:yfgsf]] d´f}nf gbL
16 lrNtf*f uf* sfn]sf+*f uflj;sf] aLraf^ ax]/ s)ff{nLdf ldl;g] d´f}nf gbL
17 efgfsf]^ uf* sfn]sf+*f uflj;sf] aLraf^ ax]/ s)ff{nLdf ldl;g] d´f}nf gbL
18 vÚnfnÚ uf* sfnfsf+*f uflj; / sfnLsf]^ lhNnfsf] l;dfgf aLraf^ ax]/ s)ff{nLdf ldl;g] d´f}nf gbL
19 tfnfuf* jofnf / nof+^L uflj;sf] ljraf^ ax]/ ,, d´f}nf gbL
20 jf/n] uf* jf/nf / kÚNn]tf]nfsf] ljraf^ ax]sf] ,, d´f}nf gbL
21 rfO{/jf lxRdf, (sf/L, z]/f, a:tL uflj;x?sf] l;dfgf d´f}nf gbL
22 hgfnL uf* hgfnLj)*FnL / lj/ky uflj;sf] ljraf^ ;fgf vf]nf
23 tfkL /jf d+un;]g / jnLuf+psf] jLraf^ ;fgf vf]nf
24 lr;L vf]nf tf]ifL / tÚdf{vf+b uflj;sf] ljraf^ ;fgf vf]nf
25 ;f]s^ uf* ;f]s^ uflj; / *f]^L lhNnfsf] ;ldfgf ;fgf vf]nf
26 pgL /jf /fdf/f]zg / e^fsfl^of uflj;sf] ljr ;fgf vf]nf
27 hÚ*L /jf jfGgftf]nL / hÚkÚ uflj;sf] ljraf^ ;fgf vf]nf
28 kÚnfd vf]nf /fgLjg / wdfnL uflj;sf] ljraf^ ;fgf vf]nf
29 *f]^] vf]nf jf/nf uflj; j*f g+= 1 / 2 sf] ljraf^ ;fgf vf]nf
30 cfdLgf vf]nf jf/nf uflj; ;fgf vf]nf
31 dnfgf vf]nf sfnfsf+*f / jf/nf uflj;sf] l;dfgf ;fgf vf]nf
;|f]tM ^f]kf]u|flkms gS;f. 1996 ;e]{ ljefu, lhlj;, 2058

2=6=3 tfn tNf}ofx?
o; lhNnfnfO{ k|fs[lts j/bfgsf] ?kdf %^fk")f{ c;+Vo tfn tn}ofx? k|fKt ePsf] % . tyfkL, oftfoftsf] sl&gfO{ / hgr]tgfsf] sdL h:tf ;d:ofx?n] o; lhNnfdf dg} nf]Eofpg] vfnsf dgf]/d tfn tn}ofx? ePtfklg xfn;Dd oL tfntn}ofx?n] /fli^«o :t/df k|lz$L kfpg ;s]sf %}gg\ . oftfoftsf] ljsf; ^]«lsésf] Joj:yf / ko{^sLo xf]^nx?sf] ljsf; u/L oxf+sf tfnx?sf] kl/ro cGo lhNnfx?;+u u/fpg ;lsof] eg] c%fd lhNnfnfO{ ko{^sLo lhNnfsf] ?kdf ljsf; ug{ ;lsG% . oL tfnx?df d"Vou/L vKt* tfn -vKt* /fli^«o lgsÚ~h leq_, Clifbx -Clifbx / iff]*zfsf] uflj;sf l;dfgf_ / jf¥xj)* tyf c¶f/v)*sf tfn tn}ofx? -/fdf/f]zg uflj;_ /x]sf %g . o;sf cnfjf clwsf+z kf]v/Lx?sf] gfds/)f ;d]t ePs]f %}g . ;/sf/L k|of;af^ nufgLsf] cefjdf oL tfn If]qx?df k"jf{wf/ lgdf{)fsf] s"g}klg sfd ePsf] kfO{+b}g . k|fs[lts ?kdf dgf]/d x"+bfx"+b}klg oL kf]v/Lx?df ko{^g pBf]u lj:tf/sf nflu ;/sf/L kIfn] PsLs[t ?kdf ljsf;sf] s"g} k|of; u/]sf] %}g eg] lhNnf :jod\sf nflu klg o;sf] ljsf;sf nflu kof{Kt cfly{s ;|f]tsf] cefj /x]sf] % .

gS;f 5 M c%fd lhNnfsf gbLx?sf] ljj/)f

s_ c%fd lhNnfsf] k|fs[lts j/bfg /fdf/f];g tfn
;"b"/ klZrdf~rn ljsf; If]q cGtu{t c%fd lhNnfsf] k"jf]{Q/df kg]{ /fdf/f]zg uflj;sf] dflyNnf] efudf ;d"Gb|L ;txaf^ 2546 ld^/sf prfOdf k|fs[lts j/bfgsf] ?kdf /x]sf] /fdf/f]zg tfn If]q s}nf; vf]nfsf] d"xfgsf] ?kdf /x]sf] % . /fdf/f]zg If]qsf] k"j{df sfnLsf]^sf] lhNnfsf] ?K;f uflj;, klZrddf c%fd lhNnfsf] ef^fsfl^ofF uflj;, pQ/df c%fdsf] lhNnfsf] ;a}eGbf cUnf] r"r"/f] rfsf*f+*f / blIf)fdf /fdf/f]zg uflj;sf] cNn]*L eGg] If]q /x]sf %g\ . oxf+ ;fgf &"nf ul/ 12 j^f tfnx? -afx| j)*_ / 18 j^f /d)fLo d}bfgx? -c&f/ v)*_ /x]sf %g\ . :yfgLo efiffdf o;nfO{ afx| j)* c&f/ v)*klg eGg] rng % . wfld{s ?kdf x]g]{ xf] eg] o;sf] cfkm\g} ljz]if dxTj /x]sf] % . oxf+sf /x/ nfUbf hldgsf kmf+^x? dgdf]xs tfnx?, cg]s y/L km"nx?, tfndf kf}l*/x]sf hnxf+;x?, /fli^«o k+IfL *f+km], d"gfn, r/fr"?+uL / cGo b"n{e jGohGt"x? s:t"/L d[u tyf cGo ljleGg hgfj/x?sf] ;d]t oxf+ jf;:yfg /x]sf] % . hg>"tL cg";f/ s;}n] o;nfO{ k|s[ltsL /fgL eGb%g\ eg] s;}n]
o:nfO{ k|s[ltsf] :ju{klg eGb%g\ . b"u{d kxf*L vf]+r leq /x]sf] k|fs[lts ;"Gb/tfn] el/k")f{ /d)fLo /fdf/f]zg If]q leq ljleGg tfn, d}bfg, kf^g, xl/ofnL h+un, kxf*L r"r"/fx?, h+unL hgfj/, r/fr"?uL+, km"nx?, ljleGg vfnsf hl*a"l^x?, em/gfx?, &"nf&"nf ("+ufx? / u"kmfx? /x]sf %g .
/fdf/f]zgsf] gfdsf] ;DaGwdf xfn ;Dd j}!flgs cWoog / cg";Gwfg x"g ;s]sf] %}g . tyfkL, o; ;DaGwL ljleGg cledtx? ;"Gg kfOG%g . Psy/Lsf] egfO cg";f/ /fdf/f]zg If]q leq cfwf #)^fsf] km/sdf /fd] / /f]zg gfdsf b"O{j^f d}bfg /x]sf %g\ . k/fk"j{ sfndf /fd] gfdsf] Pshgf uf]&fnfn] ;a}eGbf klxn] /fd] d}bfgdf uf]& agfPsf]n] To; &+fpsf] gfd /fd] / csf]{ /dfOnf], /l;nf] ePsf]n] To;sf] gfd /f];g /xg uPsf] xf] . kl%, b"j}j^f :yfgx?nfO{ hf]*]/ /fdf/f];g x"g uPsf] xf] eGg] egfO{ % . csf]{ yl/sf] egfO cg";f/ k/fk"j{ sfndf lzj / kfj{tLn] o; If]qdf /f]zg / /fdfsf] ?kdf jf; u/]sf]n] To;sf] gfd /fdf/f]zg /x]sf] xf] . t];|f] egfO cg";f/ /fdf/f]zgnfO{ b"O{ efudf ljeflht u/]/ x]bf{ /fdf eg]sf] eujtL b"uf{, kfj{tL, nIdL cfbL eujtLx? / /f]zg eg]sf] cToGt ;"Gb/ pHofnf] dgdf]xs /d)fLo &fp+ -b]jL eujtLsf] lqm*f:yn_ xf] . To; If]q leq /x]sf tfnx?df tL b"uf{ ejfgLx?n] :gfg ug]{ u/]sf] / To; leqsf hldgsf efu / Toxf+ glhssf kxf*sf r"r"/f y"Dsfx? h:tf] dflnsf, gGbdftf, rfsf, cflb &f+px?df pgLx?sf] jf;:yfg /x]sf] eGg] ljZjf; % . pgLx?n] :gfg ug]{ tfn s")*nfO{ j)* elgPsf] xf], hf] kl% /fdf/f]zgsf] gfdn] k|Voft ePsf] eGg] egfO{ % . o;/L /fdf/f]zgsf] gfd ;DaGwL ljleGg egfOx?nfO{ s]nfP/ x]bf{ / /fdf/f]zg zAbnfO{ b"O{ efudf ljeflht u/L /fdf / /f]zg zAbx?sf] cy{ g]kfnL zAb;fu/df x]bf{ /fdf eg]sf] ;"Gb/ :qL, /d)fL, nIdL, /fwf, ;Ltf, l#ps"df/L, lztnj"^L cflb hl*a"l^ / /f]zg eg]sf] pHofnf], rlDsnf], aNbf] cflb n]lvPsf] % . o;/L oxf+sf dflg;x?n] eGg] u/]sf] k/Dk/fut egfO / g]kfnL zAb ;fu/df lbPsf] /fdf / /f]zg zAbsf] cy{nfO{ ;dfof]hg u/]/ x]bf{ s]xL s"/f ldNbf]h"Nbf] b]lvG% .
o; If]qdf 12 j^f tfn / 18 j^f d}bfg ePsfn] o;nfO{ afx| j)* c&f/ v)* klg eGg] ul/G% . oL tfnx?nfO{ tnaf^ /fdf/f]zg uflj;sf] kftnaf^ sl/j 2 #)^fsf] af^f] lxl*;s]kl% bNofgf / Toxf+af^ 1 #)^f lx+*]/ /fd] d}bfg / tTkZrftsf] cfwf #)^fdf d"Vo &"nf tfnx? jf^"Nn] / hLufn]df k"Ug ;lsG% . oL 12 j^f tfnx? / 18 j^f v)*x?sf] ljj/)f lgDgfg";f/ /x]sf] % .

tflnsf 2=11 /df/f];g tfn cGtu{t afx| j)*x?
qm=;= afx| tfn -j)*_ x? /x]sf] :yfg qm=;= afx| tfn -j)*_ x? /x]sf] :yfg
1= hLufn] /f];g 7= dflyNnf] wpg] /fd]
2= af^"Nnf /f];g 8= ufu|] tfn /f]zg lrNkm"
3= nfdLbx /f];g 9= *f}&] vfn -afpn]u*f_ tfn /f]zg lrG*]gL
4= ln:;] *fnL /f];g 10= bNofgf bNofgf
5= tfpn] tfn /f];g 11= /fd] tfn /fd]
6= tNnf] wpg] /fd] 12= u]/fx tfn cfF*]vfFb ;"gLjg u]/fx

;|f]tM lhlj;, 2058

tflnsf 2=12 M /fdf/f];g tfn cGtu{t c&f/ v)*x?
qm=;= c&f/ v)*x? qm=;= c&f/ v)*x? qm=;= c&f/ v)*x?
1= lslgldgL v)* 7= kftn bNofgf v)* 13= ;flndsf]^ sfu] ah"{ v)*
2= /f]zg ^fpsf v)* 8= u]/fx h}b]vf]nf v)* 14= lrls{^ vfnfkf]v/ v)*
3= /f]zg lhufn] v)* 9= lhpg] kftn v)* 15= g]^fsf]^ ;fsf]^ v)*
4= /f]zg afukmfn v)* 10= lrNkm" ufu|f v)* 16= /fd] /uf*] v)*
5= /fd] /f]zg v)* 11= afukmfn uf]/]sf]^ v)* 17= lslgldlg l;Gb"/] v)*
6= bNofgf /fd] v)* 12= bbf*L lkgfn]vL v)* 18= lkgfn]vL ^f]^\s] v)*
;|f]tM lhlj;, 2058

tflnsf 2=13 M /fdf/f]zgsf k|d"v d}bfgx?
qm=;= k|d"v d}bfgx? qm=;= k|d"v d}bfgx?
1= /f]zg d}bfg 7= bgf8L
2= lslgldlg d}bfg 8= lepdf]/f
3= /fd] d}bfg 9= lrNkm"
4= /Fuf8] 10= ufbf] kf8\g]
5= ;"O8]gL u8f 11=
;|f]tM lhlj;, 2058

/fdf/f]zgdf kfOg] cd"No 9'+ufx?

!= sfOg]l6s -xl/of] / lgnf]_
@= sfnf] lrNsL
#= u]?
$= ;]tf] lrNsL
%= sfnf] lu|km kTy/
^= tf]/] -g'lgnf]_
&= r'g9'+uf

/fdf/f]zg If]qdf kfOg] hl8a'l6x?

/fdf/f]zg If]qdf SofG;/ /f]usf] cf}ifwL aGg] nf}7 ;Nnf k|z:t kfOg'sf ;fy} ;of}+ y/Lsf dxTjk"0f{ tyf d"Nojfg hl8a'l6x? kfOG5g\ . tNnf] ;dy/ efub]lv rfsf8fF8f ;Dd ljleGg hl8a'l6x? ToxfF kfOG5g\ . h; dWo] s]xL hl8a'l6x? lgDgfg';f/ 5g\ M

!= nf}7 ;Nnf -7"nf] ?v_
@= s'l/Nnf]
#= ;t'jf
$= ;'uGwjfn
%= bfnlrgL
^= s6'sL
&= xTth8L
*= kbdrfNg'
(= clQ;L
!)= afof]h8L
!!= k'g{of]
!@= ;]nkxf8L
!#= dlh7f]
!$= dofh8L
!%= lttf]
!^= xftk;f/f]
!&= kfFrcf}n]
!*= lgla{;L
!(= l;nflht
@)= afFhvf]6f]
@!= 5tf/]
@@= ug]h8f]
@#= aL;df/f]
@$= ahf]
@%= a8\8]d'nf]
@^= a'hf]
@&= lav
@*= ubfNg'

/fdf/f]zgsf ufpFj:tLx?

! wg];Nnf÷hfstf]nf
@= kftn
#= g]6fsf]6
$= ;gfgLufpF
%= ;}gL
^= t8Lu}/f
&= ;]/f
*= cNn]8L
(= cf8]vfFb
!)= d]n;}g

/fdf/f]zgsf ;+:s[ltx?

!= e'jf] -t/jf/ / 9fn ;lxtsf] gfFr_
@= k'tnf
#= /Tt]8L
$= x'8\s]
%= k8\5f]
^= wfdL gfFr
&= b]p8f

/fdf/f]zg If]qsf kxf8L r'r'/f / 8fF8fsfF8fx?

!= rfsf 8fF8f @= 88LNnf
#= uf]nL xfNg] u8f $= afukmfn
%= bbf8L ^= lrG8]gL
&= y]Kr] *= uf]/]sf]6
(= cd/kf6f !)= gbfO{
!!= ;s{sf] 3f8L

/fdf/f]zg If]qdf k"hf ul/g] b]jLb]jtf

!= sflnsfb]jL
@= ?kfb]jL
#= hfNjfb]jL
$= gGbfdftfb]jL
%= dflnsfb]jL
^= lgns07
&= di6f]
*= afj5fnf
(= u'0fnfgL
!)= anjfg

/fdf/f]zg If]qsf dfO9'+ufx?

!= lbof3/
@= w'Kkf8L
#= cf?g]u8f
$= d}7fdf8'
%= lgns07
^= cHhDaau8
&= sfn9'+uL
*= sflnsfb]jL

2=6=4 vlgh
kmnfd, tfdf tyf vgLh t]nsf] vfgLsf] ;DefJotf k|jn b]lvPtf klg k|efjsf/L ?kn] ;j]{If)f / pTvgg\ xÚg g;sL xfn;Dd o; lhNnfdf vfgLsf] cjz]if km]nf kfg{ ;lsPsf] %}g . jf/nf uflj; cGtu{t /Qm]kfgL vf]nfdf bÚO{ bzs cuf*L kmnfdsf] wftÚ e]l^Psf] lyof] . xfn klx/f]n] %f]lkP/ pQm wftÚ klg cb[io ?kdf /x]sf]% .
2=6=5 jGohGtÚ
o; lhNnfsf jg h+unx?df ljleGg hfthftLsf jGohGtÚ tyf k+IfLx? kfO{G%g . oxf+ kfO{g] jGohGtÚx?df af#, efnÚ, jb+]n, :ofn, lrtÚjf, jf+b/, s:tÚ/L, d[u, Jjf+;f], bÚD;L, v/fof], dn;f+k|f] xÚg eg] k+lIfx?df sfnLh, RofvÚ/f, *f+km], (ÚsÚ/, xn];f], ;Úuf, sfu, lrn, lu$, nf^f]sf];]/f] eu]+/f uf}+ynL, ltt|f / sf]O{nL cflb xÚg .